


Cirkut, RedOne, Charlie Puth and Bonnie McKee were involved in the album's production. She additionally stated that Heaven & Hell is a collection of music inspired by artists from her childhood such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, and Mariah Carey. Max refused to include a ballad on the album, as she believed that she would need to include at least four ballads without removing any dance tracks. She described some songs as "very strong and empowering", while others "are a little bit more emotional".

Max insisted on wanting an upbeat energy to the album so that it would be cohesive, reasoning that she did not want every song to sound the same. Musically, Heaven & Hell contains genres of pop, dance-pop, and electropop, with lyrical themes of love, feminism, and resilience. She also decided to include the album's introductory song "Heaven" in March 2020, while re-arranging each track on Heaven & Hell based on her instincts. " So Am I", " Salt" and " Torn" eventually made the final tracklist, which Max added due to fan demand. When asked about the album by MTV News shortly after the release of " Kings & Queens", she stated that the previously released singles with the exception of "Sweet but Psycho" were not included on the tracklist. She confirmed that it was in the process of being finalized, but was subsequently delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In December 2019, Max hinted that Heaven & Hell would be released in the upcoming months. The album was initially completed in early 2019, but was delayed in order to improve the tracklist by adding more songs and removing one. She recorded over a hundred songs for Heaven & Hell, which she spent several months on deciding what to include. In April 2019, Max first announced that she would release the album sometime during the year, discussing in an interview with Billboard that "there are some other tracks on there that are like wild cards, and there are a few that I'm being vulnerable in". Following the release of " Sweet but Psycho" in August 2018, Max toured overseas for 30 to 40 days before returning to the United States around Christmas that same year, where she began writing for her then-untitled debut studio album.
